Causes & Specific Liver Conditions in Dogs

The liver is one of the most vital organs in a dog’s body, crucially involved in digestion, metabolism, and detoxification. Unfortunately, liver diseases and conditions such as cancer, tumors, and congenital defects can significantly affect a dog’s health. Understanding these conditions can help pet owners take proactive steps toward early detection and treatment. This guide covers the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for specific liver conditions in dogs.

What is Liver Cancer in Dogs?

Liver cancer in dogs is a serious condition characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the liver. This can originate in the liver itself (primary liver cancer) or spread from other parts of the body (secondary liver cancer or metastatic cancer). The most common type of primary liver cancer in dogs is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Causes of Liver Cancer

While the exact cause of liver cancer in dogs is often unknown, several factors may contribute to its development:

1. Genetics

Some dog breeds are genetically predisposed to developing liver tumors. Breeds such as Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, and German Shepherds have been observed to have a higher incidence of liver cancer compared to others.

2. Chronic Liver Disease

Long-term liver inflammation or infections, such as chronic hepatitis, can lead to liver scarring (cirrhosis), which may increase the risk of liver cancer.

3. Exposure to Toxins

Ingesting harmful substances, including pesticides, herbicides, environmental pollutants, and certain medications (such as long-term use of steroids or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), can damage liver cells and increase the likelihood of tumor development.

4. Age

Liver cancer is significantly more common in senior dogs, typically affecting those over 9-10 years old. The liver undergoes natural wear and tear over time, making it more susceptible to disease.

5. Diet and Obesity

Poor-quality diets, excessive fat intake, or exposure to aflatoxins (toxins produced by mold in contaminated food) may contribute to liver damage and increase cancer risk.

Dog Liver Tumor Life Expectancy

The prognosis for a dog with a liver tumor depends on several factors, including tumor type, stage, and whether it has spread.

1. Benign Tumors

If the tumor is non-cancerous and surgically removed, dogs can live a normal lifespan.

2. Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)

This is the most common type of primary liver cancer in dogs. If caught early and completely removed, survival rates can be more than 3 years.

3. Metastatic Liver Cancer

If the cancer has spread from another part of the body, prognosis is poor, with a survival time of only a few months, even with treatment.

4. Untreated Liver Cancer

Dogs with aggressive liver cancer that goes untreated often survive only several weeks to a few months. Read Also: Dog Liver Disease & Symptoms: A Complete Guide for Dog Owners

Dog Liver Tumor Surgery Cost

The cost of liver tumor surgery varies depending on factors such as the size and location of the tumor, the clinic’s location, and additional post-surgical care. Here’s a breakdown of potential costs:

Diagnostic Tests (Bloodwork, Ultrasound, Biopsy): $500 - $1,500
Surgical Removal of Liver Tumor: $3,000 - $7,000
Post-Surgical Medications and Follow-Up: $500 - $1,500

If surgery is not an option, alternative treatments like chemotherapy, palliative care, or dietary support may be recommended.

What is a Liver Shunt in Dogs?

A liver shunt is a congenital or acquired condition where blood bypasses the liver instead of being properly filtered. This leads to toxin buildup in the bloodstream, affecting a dog’s overall health.

Causes of Liver Shunts

Congenital Shunts: Present at birth due to abnormal blood vessel development.
Acquired Shunts: Develop due to chronic liver disease, leading to abnormal blood vessel formation.

Symptoms of a Liver Shunt

Poor growth and stunted development (especially in puppies)
Neurological signs like confusion, seizures, or circling
Excessive drooling
Vomiting or diarrhea
Increased thirst and urination
Lethargy

Treatment for Liver Shunts

Treatment options depend on the severity of the condition:

Surgery: The most effective treatment for congenital shunts, with costs ranging from $3,000 to $6,000.
Dietary Management: Low-protein diets reduce toxin buildup.
Medications: Lactulose and antibiotics help control symptoms if surgery is not an option.

Supporting Your Dog’s Liver Health

Regardless of the specific liver condition, maintaining liver health is crucial. Pet owners can support their dog’s liver function by:

Providing a high-quality, liver-friendly diet
Regular veterinary checkups and bloodwork
Reducing exposure to toxins and harmful substances
Using liver-supportive supplements

One of the best ways to promote liver health in dogs is through LiverRx™, a premium supplement formulated to:

Supports liver detoxification and reduces toxin buildup
Improve liver function for dogs with liver disease or compromised liver health
Enhance overall well-being with natural ingredients like milk thistle, SAMe, and antioxidants

If your dog has been diagnosed with a liver condition or you want to support their liver health, consult your veterinarian to see if LiverRx™ is the right choice.